Understanding Legal Protections Against Unlawful Termination in Missouri

Unlawful termination, or wrongful termination, occurs when an employee is fired in violation of federal, state, or local employment laws. In Missouri, understanding the legal protections against unlawful termination is crucial for both employees and employers. This article sheds light on the essential aspects of these protections in the context of Missouri employment law.

Missouri is an "at-will" employment state, meaning that employers can terminate employees for almost any reason, provided it's not an illegal one. However, there are several important exceptions to this general rule that protect employees from unlawful termination.

Discrimination Protections

One of the key legal frameworks protecting employees in Missouri is the Missouri Human Rights Act (MHRA). This law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, and age. If an employee is terminated for any of these reasons, it may constitute unlawful termination. Employees have the right to file a complaint with the Missouri Commission on Human Rights.

Retaliation Protections

Missouri law also forbids retaliation against employees who engage in protected activities, such as reporting workplace discrimination, participating in investigations, or filing a lawsuit regarding workplace rights. If an employee believes they have been terminated for exercising these rights, they may seek legal recourse. Notably, the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides additional protections to employees who report safety violations.

Employment Contracts and Policy Violations

Terminations that violate specific employment contracts or company policies can also be construed as unlawful. If an employee has a written contract that outlines the terms of termination, or if a company’s employee handbook specifies conditions under which termination can occur, violating these terms may lead to claims of wrongful termination.

Public Policy Exceptions

In addition to anti-discrimination and retaliation laws, Missouri recognizes certain public policy exceptions to the at-will employment doctrine. For example, an employee cannot be terminated for refusing to engage in illegal activity, such as committing a crime, or for fulfilling certain civic duties, like serving on a jury.

Whistleblower Protections

Missouri also has laws that protect whistleblowers—employees who report illegal or unethical behavior in the workplace. If an employee is fired for whistleblowing, they may have a viable claim for unlawful termination. These protections encourage accountability and transparency within organizations while shielding employees from negative repercussions.

Steps for Employees

Employees who believe they have been unlawfully terminated should take specific steps to protect their rights:

• Document the circumstances surrounding the termination, including dates, times, and any relevant communications.
• Review employee contracts or company policies related to termination.
• Seek legal counsel to assess the situation and determine the appropriate course of action.
• File a complaint with the appropriate agency if discrimination, retaliation, or other illegal action is suspected.

Understanding the legal protections against unlawful termination in Missouri equips employees with the knowledge necessary to navigate their rights effectively. Whether due to discrimination, retaliation, or contractual violations, workers must know the avenues available to seek justice in the face of wrongful termination.

By being proactive and informed, employees can protect themselves in the workplace, ensuring that their rights are respected and upheld.